Although the entire production procedure is minute, it is very costly. When you first contemplate constructing these boards, first visit the board store or manufacturers and understand the basics. The best thing is to do this the first time. This helps prevent mistakes in the design process. Sadly, most companies outsource these committees to make the learning process impossible. That is why we have prepared an extensive step-by-step tutorial that may help you comprehend the entire process of PCB manufacturing better. Here are the actions to be taken.
1 . Design
You must have the correct Design in mind before you begin to build the boards. This acts as the basis for the procedure as a whole. The design process is usually completed by computer software. However, with much of the information required for exterior and interior layers, a trace width calculator might be necessary.
The manufacturer supports the Design when the Design is accepted for manufacturing. A thorough design review is carried out to ensure that it is compliant with the minimum criteria.
- Printing
A single printer is used to print the board design, called the plotted printer. The printing includes a film showing the layers and the board’s information. Two inks are used within the layer of the board once printing is done. One-color shows a non-conductive portion, whereas the black color shows the circuits and traces of copper. Likewise, this will occur on the external levels, but it will invert the notion. This is done to ensure the minimum criteria are compliant.
- Substrate development
The PCB board starts to develop at this point. The isolating components (glass fiber and epoxy), which in this instance accommodate structural elements, begin to be formed by bringing the components into a half-curing furnace. Copper is pre-assembled on both sides. Etching follows the Design of the PCB from the printed films.
- . Inner layer printing
Interior layers must be printed so that the Design and structure of the body may be laminated. Photo-sensitive films are used to make the layer more challenging when using UV light using high-quality photoreactive components. This is particularly important when the actual print and drawings of the PCB board are aligned. The following is the drilling of the boards to help align the manufacturing process overall.
- UV light
The laminate and the resistor are brought under the UV light when alignment is complete to make it more challenging. The UV light shows the copper regions. The black color or ink on the initial stage helps protect the portions, which are afterward removed from hardness. Finally, the board is washed with an alkaline solution to remove excess photographers.
- Remove undesirable copper
Any superfluous copper should be taken off the PCB board at this point. An alkaline solution can be used. The chemical solution is robust and consumes extra copper on the table.
- Inspection
After the layer is fully clean, an inspection, mainly to ensure alignment, must be carried out to align the previously bored hole’s external and inner layers. An optical punching machine is a tool used to pin through the pins to make sure that the layers are in line. There is also different equipment used to check the PCB board to monitor flaws or problems. Thus, it is easy to detect and correct any problem or mistake after inspection.
- Laminated layer
It is easier to see the board’s form as the layers begin to join. When the lamination process begins, the layers are joined by the metal clamps. First, the epoxy resin, sometimes called the prepreg layer, matches the alignment basin. The next is the substratum layer that connects with the resin Epoxy. After that, there are more layers, such as copper and prepreg resin. Finally, no further copper layer is utilized, and the press plate plays.
- Pressing
A mechanical push is applied to the layers. Pressing is done to secure and position the pins closely. These pins can be removed. However, this depends on the technology used. If done correctly, the board is sent to the press roller, where the pressure and heat are present. The epoxy resin is therefore melted.
- Drilling
At this point, the holes are bound by a computerized drill that helps the interior panels and the substratum to be uncovered. It also removes the additional copper.
- Plating
At this stage, the board is plated easily. To mix with all layers of the board, a chemical solvent is available. Next, the board is thoroughly cleaned using solid chemicals. The solid chemical solvents also protect the display.
- External layer picture
Before photographing the outer surface layer, a similar photo-resistant layer utilized in Stage 3 is applied. Again, UV light is used to make it more challenging to photograph. If a photographer is not desired or needed, it will be purged or taken away.
- Plating:
A thin coating of copper is used to plate the panel further. The board layer is also provided with thin tin protection. To protect the outer copper layer from etching, tin is required.
- Etching:
A solid chemical solvent is employed in other steps to remove the excess copper on the resin layer. The protective coating of the tin protects the copper needed. PCB links are entirely established in this case.
- Process of skill screening
This is an essential step as it depends on what is printed on the board. Finally, the board is sent to the final step when silkscreening is completed.
- Completion
PCB board plate is made with a solderable finish. This usually depends on the Board’s requirements. This is particularly important when the solder bond/quality is enhanced.
- Testing:
The maker and technician must consider testing your PCB board before presuming it is complete. This is important, particularly if the functionality and performance of the board are confirmed.
Conclusion:
In this article, I have explained the PCB in detail and also tell the process and facts. The PCB manufacturing process includes several processes, as seen by the preceding information. These procedures can be complex, particularly for the rookie. Therefore it is suggested that the manufacturer or dealers first visit the appropriate information. The good thing is that this guide may be used to understand the procedure and know why this method should be kept in your fingerprint
If you are looking for a supplier now, HX is a leading rigid PCB manufacturer in this industry. We are always here